On April 18, 2013 a very interesting presentation was given
by Tom Allen for the Lake Superior Elders covering bird migration. He began the presentation by describing the
meaning of migration which is a periodic movement that is conducted on a
regular basis. The two reasons why
migration occurs is: exploit ecological opportunities; and leave when things
get bad. Upper Michigan is desirable
because of the insects which are flying protein, worms and fish. The crows in this area also chow on other
birds because I found the feathers of a seagull that was being hunted by crows
in our yard and they also dine on dead deer alongside the road.
The Savannah Sparrows eat bugs that are on the ground such as ants. We get a lot of these in our yard. Osprey build a nest at the end of our road on
a tower every year, their young are born and they depart in the fall or late
summer. Our whole neighborhood watches
them. A robin builds a nest under our front deck each year and hatches several
eggs every summer. Robins migrate from
Ohio and are not a native bird of Michigan, even though they are our state
bird. I found out that the only bird
that is native to Michigan and is only seen in Michigan is the Red winged
Blackbirds.
Tropical birds that come North, come north to mate and are
only here for a short amount of time.
Blue birds travel from Ohio to mate in Michigan. Some are nocturnal, feed during the day and
travel at night and some only travel during the day. Before they travel they gain a lot of weight
so they can fly for long periods of time.
Fat converts to water. Some birds
fly for over 30 hours such as birds who fly over the ocean. That’s stamina. The Bobolink is a long distance migratory bird who
travels from South America to North America.
They travel 12,000 miles per year and return to the same field each
year.
Mr. Allen told us about how birds know what direction to
travel. A study was conducted in a
planetarium and when the direction of the stars was changed the birds changed
their direction of flight. Studies have revealed that birds use an internal sun compass and also magnet
coordination. How does someone find
their way home in a snow storm? Some
people have magnet coordination, a magnetic orientation. Other animals such as cats and dogs have
managed to find their way home. Some of
the researchers believe that some birds have a sense of smell. Land birds don’t like flying over water and
water birds prefer flying over water.
The Whitefish Point Bird Observatory has been in operation
for many years. The studies began on
July 6, 1912 when Norman Wood accompanied by his wife and daughter arrived
at Whitefish Point to examine bird life.
He was sent by the University of Michigan’s Museum of Zoology to Whitefish Point. Wood collected and catalogued specimens and
gathered data on the abundance and variety of birds. A total of 163 species was recorded over his
two year study. He was the first to conduct the first
studies at Whitefish Point. In 1937,
Samuel Knox, a student at the University of Michigan submitted a detailed
report on the hawk flight at Whitefish Point. His records indicated that he
observed ten different species of raptors at the Point. Whitefish Point is one
of the most important spring flight corridors for raptors in North America. The
163 species of various kinds of birds that Wood recorded has increased to over 330 today.
At Whitefish Point the spring owl banding runs annually
since 1988 and is held from 1st to the 31st in April. The nets that are used to trap the owls
resemble the mesh of a hair net. The
owls are caught and bands are placed on them.
Two owls were reported as returning this year. There were 99 Great Gray Owls caught this
year in the nets last Friday evening (April 12, 2013) when the weather was on the verge of
getting nice. This has been a horrible winter.
The birds that travel during the spring are a part of the spring breeding population. 10,000 Loons and 30,000
ducks were observed at the Point. Fall
banding of owls began in 1993 and is held from September 15 to October 31st
of each year. Calls are broadcasted to
lure the owls into the nets. This
increased the capture rate and sample size.
Israel is known to be the world authority on bird
migration. The Israeli Air Force has
enrolled the Birdstrike Control Program to provide them with professional
comprehensive wildlife control. Prior to
their involvement the Israeli Air Force suffered on average $10 million in
damage due to bird strikes over a nine year period as opposed to $84,000 after the Birdstrike Control began providing services. They have virtually eliminated
the large and medium sized birds from the airbases and have reduced the smaller
bird populations by approximately 90 percent.
The location of Israel serves as a main corridor for bird migration in that area. How did they eliminate or reduce the amount of birds?
The Migratory Bird Treaty of 1913 placed control of the
migratory birds under federal governance.
For example, duck hunting is determined by states, duration and time of
hunts can be conducted; however the federal government determines how many
ducks can be hunted. Canada and the
United States work together to make determinations concerning how many ducks
can be hunted.
Mr. Allen informed the audience about bird deaths. The Renaissance Center in Detroit reported that
4,000 birds died because they flew into the lights on top of the building. Many of the large buildings in the cities are
turning off their lights at the upper levels to protect the birds. Wind power has caused problems for
birds. There was a discussion about cats
killing five million birds, feral cats.
My husband stated this is the fault of humans who don’t take care of
the cats. They need to be spayed and
neutered to decrease the population. The cats are just following their instincts in order to ensure their survival.
More pheasants were killed by cats then by pheasant hunters according to
Allen.
If you are interested in tracking bird migration you can
follow the radar services provided by Marquette and Gaylord. The individuals associated with these weather
programs are only interested in cloud formations and other weather details; but
bird migration can also be observed by using these sites. The sounds specific birds make were recorded
and when birds fly over the sounds they make indicate what kind of birds they
are.
I have always been interested in observing birds and found
this presentation to be very interesting. There are many books available and
internet sites to explore to learn more about birds. Now I want to visit the bird observatory at
Whitefish Point. I remember reading the sign
when I visited the light house about the bird observatory program. Thanks for providing this presentation Mr. Allen.
