Friday, December 2, 2016

A Christmas Tradition

My name is Thelma Lou and I have a story to tell you about a long time Christmas family tradition. My daughter Gertie sat curled up on her grandpa’s lap in da old rockin’ chair by the wood stove. Da red line on the thermometer dipped well below zero as da wind howled through the pines. We all love this time of year 
when we visit my folks during Gertie's winter break from school.
            I came from the kitchen with two steaming mugs of hot chocolate. Gertie poked at da mini marshmallows bobbing on top. Then she licked the chocolate off her fingertips and grinned all Chesire cat like. I settled down on da sofa with my mother’s afghan pulled over my legs and I cracked open my mystery novel.
            “Tell me a story, Grandpa!” Gertie begged. I knew from da twinkle in Pa’s eye and his sly grin toward me that she was about to hear a whopper.
            “Did I ever tell you about the Christmas tradition your Grandma and I started before your mother was born?”
            Gertie shook her head. Even if she had heard da story before, it always grew bigger with each telling.
            Grandpa began. “ I bet you didn’t know your Grandma and I made some of da best moonshine around.”
            “What is moonshine, Grandpa?”
            I look over my book at my Pa.
            “Oh, it’s something people used to drink in the old days, before there were revenuers up north. They celebrated a lot when they drank it.”
            “Like when we drank raspberry Kool-Aid at my birthday party.”
            “That’s right sweetie, whenever there was moonshine around you could be sure there was going to be a party.” Pa winked at me and continued with his story before I could interrupt it.
            “Every year a few weeks after Thanksgiving, we’d head out into da woods with our best bottle and your Grandma’s Remington shot gun to pick out a tree. It all started when I lost my best chainsaw in a poker game.” Grandpa whispered, “But dat’s another story, and I’d just as soon not bring it up while your Grandma’s within earshot! Now where was I? Oh yeah, how da tradition of shooting da tree got started.”
            “The only thing we had to use to cut down our Christmas tree dat year was your Grandma’s Remington. So we stuck it on the gun rack in our trusty old Ford and we headed out in to da woods to hunt down the perfect spruce.”
            “Before too long we ran into old Gussy. He was a Conservation officer who had to follow every rule in the books. Yer Grandma was worried that he’d write us up for doing something wrong, especially after that incident with the ten pointer in July the year before. So she hid da gun under the seat and commenced to smoochin’ on me like we were out on our first date.”
            “Gussy pulled up next to us and asked us what we were up to. Yer Grandma told him dat she was overcome with passion for me, ever since I helped her trim her bunions dat week. He seemed satisfied with her answer and drove off to leave us to our business.”
            “As soon as we saw his truck disappear, we pulled out da shot gun and the jug of moonshine and we made for the woods.”
            “Before we could make it 15 feet, we heard a loud horn toot behind us. Wouldn’t you know it, our neighbors from down the street, the Bulenskis, had decided to go for a little drive in da forest dat day. They asked us what we were doin.’ We figured they could keep a secret, so yer Grandma told them how we planned to get our tree dat year.”
            ‘Well they thought that was a grand idea. Billy ran back home to get his rifle and when he got back, he and Hildie joined us on our adventure.”
            “Of course da news spread like wild fire and da tradition was born. Da ‘Shooting of the Tree’ became a yearly community event. We all took turns being on da lookout for Gussy. We always managed to stay one step ahead of him. But then a new problem arrived on the scene.”
            “What grandpa?”
            “Do you remember hearin’ stories about my Aunt Eartha? She was one of da biggest tree huggin’ creatures you’d ever seen. She tried to hold a rally to get us to stop da tradition, but we still did it anyway. So Eartha changed her tactics and decided to team up with Gussy to catch us in da act.”
            “Yer Grandma and I thought we’d have a little fun with my aunt. Even though she couldn’t kill a tree to celebrate Christmas, she sure wasn’t afraid to shoot any bunnies for her famous rabbit stew.”
            “What did you do, Grandpa?”
            “Aunt Eartha used to complain all da time about how hard it was to get a good bead on the little buggers in da winter time since they blended in with da snow so well, and her eyesight wasn’t what it used to be.”
            “So we followed her out to one of her favorite huntin’ spots and hid behind some big beech trees. After she moved on, we sneaked out and put a pile of carrots at da base of a clump of spruces.”
            “Sure enough, after a few days those rabbits were coming back all da time to look for more grub. We waited for Eartha to show back up.”
            “There she was with the biggest smile on her face. She lifted her shot gun and Bam! She shot at da rabbit. Well, dat bunny got away, but Eartha had shot a hole clean through da trunk of one of da spruce trees! The tree teetered, then it fell to da ground.”
            “Oh, no,” said Gertie. She covered her mouth and looked very surprised.
            Papa continued. “She took a look around to see if anyone had seen her dreadful deed. Then she slung da trunk of dat spruce tree over her shoulder and dragged it out of da woods. We were flipping blown over. She threw da tree into the bed of her pickup and she drove home.”
            “We followed her to her home and peeked in her window. We watched her decorate dat dang thing! Every now and then she’d stop and stare up at da tree and grin. She’d give it a hug and sniff its branches. Aunt Eartha seemed to be sucking in da aroma of dat tree and holding it in her nostrils as long as she could.”
            “Did she know you were watching her?”
            “No. Yer Grandma couldn’t take it anymore. She was laughing so hard at da sight, she was sure Eartha would hear us. So yer Grandma marched over to da front door and banged real hard on it. I kept watching Aunt Eartha through da window. She looked around in a panic. Then she decided she better answer the knocking since it kept getting louder.”
            “Eartha stammered. Words were refusing to come out of her mouth right. I thought this was a good time to join da party so I stormed into da house with my hands on my hips.”
            “I was just about to open my mouth and blackmail my aunt so dat she wouldn’t hassle us anymore about our activities when she spoke up, ‘You know, this isn’t such a bad way to celebrate da season. I think I’d like participate in this tradition next year.’”
            He paused to take a sip of his coffee. He grinned at Gertie. She smiled back and took a sip of her hot chocolate.
            “And that’s just what she did. She even started da event with a bugle call every year! Until she headed for the happy rabbit hunting grounds in da sky.”
            “That’s amazing, Grandpa. Do you have a picture of Aunt Eartha?”
            “Yes, I do. I will show ya after I drink my coffee.”
            “Did dat really happen, Papa?”
            “Of course it did. I’m surprised yer Ma didn’t tell you dat she and your Pa have carried on da family tradition for years now.” My Pa winked my way again as Gertie climbed down off his lap and scrambled over towards me on da couch to sit next to her ma.
            “Is it true Ma?” Without waiting for an answer she added, “And how come we don’t get to go with you and drink moonshine and help shoot down da tree?”
            Papa got up and patted me on da shoulder, “I think I hear Grandma calling me in da kitchen.”  He shuffled off with a twinkle in his eye.


Brunner, S. (2016). Lake Superior in the Moonlight. Michigan: Freedom Eagles Press.

            

New France


Knowing little about the capitalistic motives of the Euro-peans, the native people were duped into forfeiting claims to a vast amount of this country’s resources to satisfy the whims of fortune-seeking entrepreneurs. Danger existed for the Indian people who fought the cold frigid waters to capture the beaver because their fur was thicker during the colder months. French merchants realized the indispensable fur bearing animals, especially the beaver, were plentiful in North America as they were becoming rare in Europe. The furs provided the human wearer protection against the elements and served as a mark of social distinction. The French may have appeared to be on friendlier terms with the native people than the British; however, they had the same goal in mind, which were profitable endeavors without consideration for the needs of the native people. The exploration of the Canadian territory began with Jacques Cartier, a Frenchman, who traveled down the St. Lawrence Seaway to Quebec and Montreal in 1535 to establish trade with the Iroquois to exchange European goods for furs. The French developed unified relationships with numerous Algonquian tribes along the St. Lawrence shores and parts of what was known as New France, encompassing much of current-day Quebec and Nova Scotia.
The French explorers and entrepreneurs encouraged the Indian people to carry out their Indian ceremonies, and the French people also participated in many of these ceremonies. A canon was fired from a French settlement as a salute to honor and welcome an Indian chief who exhibited and/or carried a French flag to show his support for them. Welcoming ceremonies included gifts, such as guns, ammunition, kegs of brandy, metal tools, blankets, clothing and beads.
When the French traveled with the Indian people and settled near tribal communities, they adopted many of their customs. For example, the mosquitoes and black flies could be a real nuisance, and the French learned how to smear their bodies with bear grease to prevent the bugs from biting them. [i]
            During the 1580s, French trading companies were set up in the region of what was later referred to as New France. French frontiersmen were referred to as coureurs de bois or forest runners. Another name given to these brave men was voyageurs who happened to be canoeists or travelers. The reduction of the beaver population forced the coureurs de bois to go further into the interior of Canada.[ii]  
            These canoeists wore brightly woven sashes, deerskin leggings, and moccasins. On colder days they wore a capote or blanket coat. They were instantly recognizable and stood apart from other men. Voyageurs and coureurs de bois were short and wiry, on average five-foot-six in height. Despite their smaller stature, they were amazingly strong and had an inexhaustible amount of stamina. Samuel de Champlain relied on these brave men and the Indian men to help him with his business ventures.
            Champlain founded the small village of Quebec with 28 men in 1608. In 1630, 103 colonists resided in this community and by 1640 the population had grown to 355.  Champlain was known as the “Father of New France.” 
            In 1627, Cardinal Richelieu, who was an advisor to Louis XIII, formed the Company of One Hundred Associates.  One of the goals of this company was to gather investors to provide an income for New France by promising land parcels.
            French aspirations in this newly founded territory were the expansion of mercantile business and agriculture. Another one of main missions of this company was to expand the fur trade with the Indians. New France encompassed what is present-day Quebec, Nova Scotia and another large section of the eastern portion of Canada. Richelieu’s grand plan encompassed all lands between present-day Florida and the Arctic Circle. The Company of One Hundred Associates was given the cartel in trade except in the cod and whaling industry, which was awarded to other European countries by those in power in Europe.[iii]
            Part of Champlain’s undertaking to settle New France was to learn how to adapt to life in North America. Champlain ordered young French men to live with the tribal people learning their language and customs. Cham-plain became sociable with the Algonquin and Huron Indians living near Quebec. He believed these peaceful relationships would ensure a more successful fur-trading business and help prevent Indian attacks on the French settlement.
            Shiploads of marriageable women were transported to the new territory as part of the plan to enlarge the French population. Eager French governmental officials coerced settlers to relocate with cash payments. Bounties were paid as an incentive for couples to produce large families. Fines were levied on fathers of daughters who were unmarried after the age of 15. All of these sanctions were attempts to increase the population of New France.[iv] 
            The French sought to build communities as significant as the British colonies. The French settlers numbered in the hundreds. The British colonies were more heavily populated and prosperous. Samuel de Champlain was appointed governor of New France, and he made it part of his plan to convert New France into a more affluent region.
To expand the French territories, Champlain mentored Entienne Brule, and sent him to explore much of the region around the St. Lawrence River and beyond.  Brule was credited with being one of the first Europeans to discover the area which is referred to as Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. He also befriended some of the members of the Huron tribe, learned their language and served as an interpreter concerning trading expeditions between the French and Huron Indians. Brule went against his country in 1629 when he guided an English military group down the St. Lawrence River and to their successful takeover of Quebec City. Champlain was angry and stated that Brule needed to be punished for his actions.
Brule continued to live with the Huron Indians until he was captured by the Seneca Iroquois in battle. When he returned home to the Hurons, they didn’t believe his story and murdered him. Given Brule’s deceitful past it was probably wise that the Hurons did not trust him. Champlain was not known for betraying his country or intentionally betraying the Indian people he befriended.
The colony was dependent on the fur-trade and began experimenting in agriculture. In 1628, England and France were at war. Due to the exhaustion of their food and gun powder supply, Champlain had to surrender the fort. However, he did not abandon his colony. Champlain was taken prisoner by the British. He argued that the surrender occurred after the end of the war. The colony was restored to France. In 1633, he returned to Quebec with a few more settlers. Champlain rebuilt the fort he originally built 25 years earlier. [v]




[i] Conlan,R. (1994). People of the Lakes: The Native Americans. Virginia: Time-Life Education, 141.
[ii] Nies, J. (1996). A Chronology of a Culture’s Vast Achievements and Their Links to World Events. New York:  Ballentine Books, 75-98.  
[iii] Nies, J. (1996). A Chronology of a Culture’s Vast Achievements and Their Links to World Events. New York:  Ballentine Books, 132.
[iv] Conlan, R. (1994). People of the Lakes: The Native Americans. Virginia: Time-Life Education, 142.
[v] Britannica. Samuel de Champlain. Retrieved on October 8, 2014 from www.britanniica.com/EBchecked/topic/105187/Samuel-de-Champlain.
xxv Working with Nature. Beaver Solutions. Retrieved on October 18, 2014 from www.beaversolutions.com/about_beaver_biology.asp.


Brunner, S. (2016). Shadow Travelers. Michigan: Freedom Eagles Press.

The Electoral College

The Electoral College is a process, not a place. The founding fathers established it in theConstitution as a compromise between election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens.
The Electoral College process consists of the selection of the electors, the meeting of the electors where they vote for President and Vice President, and the counting of the electoral votes by Congress.
The Electoral College consists of 538 electors. A majority of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the President. Your state’s entitled allotment of electors equals the number of members in its Congressional delegation: one for each member in the House of Representatives plus two for your Senators. Read more about the allocation of electoral votes.
Under the 23rd Amendment of the Constitution, the District of Columbia is allocated 3 electors and treated like a state for purposes of the Electoral College. For this reason, in the following discussion, the word “state” also refers to the District of Columbia.
Each candidate running for President in your state has his or her own group of electors. The electors are generally chosen by the candidate’s political party, but state laws vary on how the electors are selected and what their responsibilities are. Read more about the qualifications of the Electors and restrictions on who the Electors may vote for.
The presidential election is held every four years on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. You help choose your state’s electors when you vote for President because when you vote for your candidate you are actually voting for your candidate’s electors.
Most states have a “winner-take-all” system that awards all electors to the winning presidential candidate. However, Maine and Nebraska each have a variation of “proportional representation.” Read more about the allocation of Electors among the states and try topredict the outcome of the Electoral College vote.
After the presidential election, your governor prepares a “Certificate of Ascertainment” listing all of the candidates who ran for President in your state along with the names of their respective electors. The Certificate of Ascertainment also declares the winning presidential candidate in your state and shows which electors will represent your state at the meeting of the electors in December of the election year. Your stateÂ’s Certificates of Ascertainments are sent to the Congress and the National Archives as part of the official records of the presidential election. See the key dates for the 2016 election and information about the roles and responsibilities of state officialsthe Office of the Federal Register and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), and the Congress in the Electoral College process.
The meeting of the electors takes place on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December after the presidential election. The electors meet in their respective states, where they cast their votes for President and Vice President on separate ballots. Your state’s electors’ votes are recorded on a “Certificate of Vote,” which is prepared at the meeting by the electors. Your state’s Certificates of Votes are sent to the Congress and the National Archives as part of the official records of the presidential election. See the key dates for the 2016 election and information about the roles and responsibilities of state officials and the Congress in the Electoral College process.
Each state’s electoral votes are counted in a joint session of Congress on the 6th of January in the year following the meeting of the electors. Members of the House and Senate meet in the House chamber to conduct the official tally of electoral votes. See the key dates for the 2016 election and information about the role and responsibilities of Congress in the Electoral College process.
The Vice President, as President of the Senate, presides over the count and announces the results of the vote. The President of the Senate then declares which persons, if any, have been elected President and Vice President of the United States.
The President-Elect takes the oath of office and is sworn in as President of the United States on January 20th in the year following the Presidential election.

Learn about the Electors

Roles and Responsibilities in the Electoral College Process
The Office of the Federal Register coordinates the functions of the Electoral College on behalf of the Archivist of the United States, the States, the Congress, and the American People. The Office of the Federal Register operates as an intermediary between the governors and secretaries of state of the States and the Congress. It also acts as a trusted agent of the Congress in the sense that it is responsible for reviewing the legal sufficiency of the certificates before the House and Senate accept them as evidence of official State action.

Source: https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/about.html